PERIODONTITIS                                                                                                                                        images and video

The most common pathological change in the parodontium is inflammation of the gums, which may be independent (catarrh gingivitis) and can spread to other parts of the supporting apparatus of teeth and lead to periodontal disease (parodontopathy). This leads to other symptoms:

• bare tops and roots of teeth;
• periodontal pockets (which are typical for this disease);
• concrements below the gingiva;
• suppurative infections;  
• migration of teeth;
• tooth oscillation;
• and eventually the teeth fall out.

This disease has four stages. For each stage, the symptoms are typical. The main cause of periodontal disease is a dental plaque. Additional factors come along that help the disease to be more progressive. In addition to periodontal disease in adults in which it is mostly noted, a specific form of supporting apparatus disease is noted in children too. It is called juvenile periodontal disease. It is quite dangerous, because it progresses rapidly and leads to loss of teeth.

Since the prognosis, the flow of the disease can be predicted, and hence the periodontal disease treatment plan.

The treatment is:

• conservative,
• medicamentous
• and surgical

Medicamentous treatment includes: antibiotics, tetracycline, metronidazole, antiseptic, etc.

Therapy consists of five phases:

1. removal of dental plaque, tartar, concrements and other deposits. It is done manually or by ultrasound, laser, Air-Flow apparatus (conservative treatment),
2. the treatment of periodontal pockets (conservative or surgical),
3. includes the establishment of interjaw relationship through sanding, applying orthodontic or prosthetic measures
4. includes a program to maintain the achieved results of treatment,
5. includes check-ups, remotivation of patients in maintaining oral hygiene and possibly removal of recurrence.

Surgical treatment of periodontal disease is aimed at the establishment of good gingival incorporation into cement teeth. For this purpose, the following procedures are most commonly implemented:

In the course of periodontal disease can also occur complications (sinusitis, periodontal abscess, etc.). In this case, priority should be to cure complications.